Question

stages in community diagnosis

Answer 1

The process of community diagnosis involves four stages:
1. Initiation
2. Data collection and analysis
3. Diagnosis
4. Dissemination

**1. Initiation**
In order to initiate a community diagnosis project, a dedicated committee or working group should be set up to manage and coordinate the project. The committee should involve relevant parties such as government departments, health professionals and non-governmental organisations.
At an early stage, it is important to identify the available budget and resources to determine the scope of the diagnosis.

Some of the common areas to be studied may include health status, lifestyles, living conditions, socioeconomic conditions, physical and social infrastructure, inequalities, as well as public health services and policies. Once the scope is defined, a working schedule to conduct the community diagnosis,  production and dissemination of report should be set.

**2. Data collection and analysis**
The project should collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Moreover, Population Census and statistical data e.g. population size, sex and age structure, medical services, public health, social services, education, housing, public security and transportation, etc. can provide background of the district. As for the community data, it can be collected by conducting surveys through self-administered questionnaires, face to face interviews, focus groups and telephone interviews.

In order to ensure reliability of the findings, an experienced organisation such as an academic institute can be employed for conducting the study.

The sampling method should be carefully designed and the sample size should be large enough to provide sufficient data to draw reliable conclusions. Therefore, study results derived can truly review the local community.

Collected data can then be analysed and interpreted by experts. Here are some practical tips on data analysis and presentation:
- statistical information is best presented as rates or ratios for comparison
- trends and projections are useful for monitoring changes over a time period for
  future planning
- local district data can be compared with other districts or the whole population
- graphical presentation is preferred for easy understanding

**3. Diagnosis**
Diagnosis of the community is reached from conclusions drawn from the data analysis. It should preferably comprise three areas:
- health status of the community
- determinants of health in the community
- potential for healthy city development

**4. Dissemination**
The production of the community diagnosis report is not an end in itself, efforts should be put into communication to ensure that targeted actions are taken. The target audience for the community diagnosis includes policy-makers, health professionals and the general public in the community.
The report can be disseminated through the following channels:
- presentations at meetings of the health boards and committees, or forums
  organised for voluntary organisations, local community groups and the general
  public
- press release
- thematic events (such as health fairs and other health promotion programmes)

Source: http://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/hc-community_diagnosis_0010_eng_small.pdf

Answer 2

**COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS** - a quantitative and qualitative description of the
health of citizens and the factors which influence their health. It identifies problems,
proposes areas for improvement and stimulates action”.

The process of community diagnosis involves four stages:
1. Initiation
2. Data collection and analysis
3. Diagnosis
4. Dissemination

Answer 3

Community diagnosis is a complete health status assessment of the community in relation to its social, physical and biological environment. Its purpose is to identify existing problems, determining available resources and set up an action plan for health care. These days, every people is concern about their health, due to hectic work schedule sometimes many people didn’t get chance to visit doctor for regular checkups for common problems like blood pressure, diabetes etc.

However, it’s important to spread awareness and take major action for the common community disease which causes lots of trouble.

Therefore, you can simply say that community diagnosis helps to identify the common problems or diseases spread in the community. This whole process employ in four stages:
1.    Initiation: In which a keen working assembly (government departments, health professionals and non-governmental organizations) is set up to manage and coordinate the whole diagnosis project.
2.    Data collection and analysis: In which both quantitative and qualitative data of the project is collected.
3.    Diagnosis: In which, complete analyses done for the conclusions drawn from the data.
4.    Dissemination: In which, working assembly make sure whether the targeted actions are taken or not.

Answer 4

Community diagnosis is a comprehensive assessment of health status of the community in relation to its social, physical and biological environment. The purpose of community diagnosis is to define existing problems, determine available resources and set priorities for planning, implementing and evaluating health action, by and for the community.
Importance of Community Diagnosis:

 1. It helps to find the common problems or diseases, which are troublesome to the people and are easily preventable in the community.
 2. Community diagnosis can be a pioneer step for betterment of rural community health.
 3. It is a tool to disclose the hidden problems that are not visible to the community people but are being affected by them.
 4. It helps to access the group of underprivileged people who are unable to use the available facilities due to poverty, prevailing discriminations or other reasons.
 5. It helps to find the real problems of the community people which might not have perceived by them as problems.
 6. It helps to impart knowledge and attitudes to turnover people’s problems towards the light of solution.
Health indicators can be classified as:
1. Mortality indicators
2. Morbidity indicators
3. Disability rates
4. Nutritional status indicators
5. Health care delivery indicators
6. Utilization rates
7. Indicators of social and mental health
8. Environmental indicators
9. Socio-economic indicators
10. Health policy indicators
11. Indicators of quality of life
12. Other indicators

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Answer 5

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